Mfundo Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Zoyambira za Tribological za Plain Bearings (Sliding Bearings)

Maberiyani osalala , omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa maberiyani otsetsereka a EPEN, ndi magawo ofunikira kwambiri m'makina ambiri. Momwe maberiyani awa amagwirira ntchito ndikuti malo awiri amatsetsereka motsutsana ndi kukangana kochepa kwambiri. Lingaliro loyambira ndikuyika mafuta pang'ono pakati pa ziwalo zoyenda. Izi zimawaletsa kuti asawonongeke ndipo zimawalola kugwira ntchito bwino. Kumvetsetsa momwe maberiyani osalala amagwirira ntchito kumafuna kumvetsetsa bwino maziko a tribological, omwe akuphatikizapo zinthu monga kukangana, mafuta, ndi makina ovalira. Mainjiniya amatha kupanga maberiyani olimba, ogwira ntchito bwino, komanso odalirika pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mainjini a magalimoto mpaka makina amafakitale, pokonza magawo awa.

1. Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri: Kupanga Mafilimu Amadzimadzi

Mfundo yayikulu yogwirira ntchito ndikulekanitsa malo otsetsereka (tsinde ndi kunyamula) ndi mafuta kuti mupewe kukhudzana kwachitsulo ndi chitsulo. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kukangana ndi kuvala.

Njirayi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu ogwira ntchito:

Kupaka malire (Kuyambira/Kutseka):

Pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri, poyambira, kutseka, kapena pansi pa katundu wambiri, shaft ndi kunyamula zimalumikizana pang'ono.

Mafuta owonda kwambiri (mamolekyu ochepa okha okhuthala) amamatira kuzitsulo zazitsulo, zomwe zimateteza chitetezo chokwanira kuti chitetezeke kwambiri komanso kugwidwa. Kukangana ndikwambiri.

Mafuta Osakaniza:

Pamene liwiro la shaft likuwonjezeka, limakokera mafuta ochulukirapo mumpata wosinthika pakati pa shaft ndi kunyamula.

Katunduyo amanyamulidwa pang'ono ndi kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi ndipo pang'ono ndi kukhudzana kwapamtunda (zokwera). Mkangano umayamba kuchepa.

Mafuta a Hydrodynamic (Filimu Yathunthu - Ntchito Yachizolowezi):

Ili ndiye njira yoyenera yogwirira ntchito. Pa liwiro lokwanira, shaft yozungulira imagwira ntchito ngati mpope, imakokera mafuta owoneka bwino m'malo owoneka ngati mphoko pakati pa shaft ndi chonyamulira.

Kuchita izi kumabweretsa kupanikizika kokwanira mkati mwa filimu yamadzimadzi kuti ikweze shaft yonse ndikuyiyika pakati pa bearing.

Pamwamba pake pamakhala mafuta ochepa (akhoza kukhala ndi makulidwe a microns). Palibe kukhudzana kwenikweni , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukangana kochepa komanso kusawonongeka.

Chofunikira Chopanga Mapangidwe: Kuchotsa ndi Wedge

Bearing yapangidwa ndi mainchesi amkati akulu pang'ono kuposa mainchesi akunja a shaft. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo otseguka . Kuphatikiza apo, bearing nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa pang'ono kapena shaft imapatuka pansi pa katundu, ndikupanga wedge yolumikizana - malo omwe amapapatiza mbali yoyenda. Wedge iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga kupanikizika kwa hydrodynamic komwe kumathandizira katunduyo.

2. Zinsinsi za Tribological

Tribology ndi sayansi yolumikizana mozungulira, kuphatikiza kukangana, kuvala, ndi mafuta. Kachitidwe ka sliding bearing imayendetsedwa kwathunthu ndi mfundo za tribological.

A) Kukangana

Kukangana mu kusintha kwa bere lotsetsereka kudzera mu njira zitatu zodzoladzola:

Malire & Osakanikirana: Kukangana kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu yodula ya zigawo za mafuta oletsa komanso kukhudzana pakati pa kufooka kwa pamwamba.

Hydrodynamic: Kukangana kumachitika chifukwa cha kupendekeka kwa filimu yamadzimadzi. Kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya petroffs ndipo ndi ntchito ya:

Kukhuthala kwa mafuta (μ)

Liwiro lachibale (N)

Miyeso yonyamula (D, L, c)

Sichidalira katundu ndi zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba, bola ngati filimuyo ikusungidwa.

B) Valani

Kuvala ndiko kutayika pang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu. Pamayendedwe oyendetsedwa bwino a hydrodynamic, kuvala sikoyenera chifukwa palibe kulumikizana. Komabe, kuvala kumakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu:

Kuyamba/Kutseka kwa makina (kudzola mafuta mopingasa).

Kudzaza mopitirira muyeso kapena liwiro losakwanira , zomwe zimagwetsa filimu yamadzimadzi.

Kuipitsidwa ndi tinthu tomwe timayabwa (monga dothi, zitsulo).

Kusowa mafuta okwanira kapena kulephera.

Kuti muchepetse kuvala, zida zonyamula zimasankhidwa kuti zigwirizane, kuphatikizika (kuthekera kutchera zonyansa), komanso kukana dzimbiri.

C) Kupaka mafuta

Mafuta opangira mafuta ndiye magazi amoyo. Zofunika zake ndi:

Kukhuthala (μ): Chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Ndi kukana kwa madzi kuyenda. Kukhuthala kwakukulu kumapanga filimu yokhuthala komanso yolimba ya madzi komanso kumawonjezera kukangana kwamphamvu komanso kupanga kutentha. Kukhuthala koyenera ndi kulinganiza bwino momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito (liwiro, katundu, kutentha).

Chizindikiro cha Kukhuthala (VI): Muyeso wa kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala komwe kumasintha ndi kutentha. Chizindikiro chapamwamba cha VI chimatanthauza kuti kukhuthala kumakhalabe kokhazikika, zomwe ndizofunikira.

Zowonjezera: Mafuta amakono ali ndi zowonjezera za:

Choletsa kuvala (AW): Pangani zigawo zoteteza pamalo pamene mukudzola mafuta m'malire.

Kupanikizika Kwambiri (EP): Pangani mafilimu oteteza mankhwala pansi pa katundu wolemera kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.

Kuletsa kusungunuka kwa okosijeni: Kuletsa mafuta kuti asawonongeke kutentha kwambiri.

Kuletsa dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri.

3. Kunyamula Zida

Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu ndi kusagwirizana kwa tribological. Palibe chinthu chimodzi chomwe chili ndi zabwino zonse. Zida zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

Babbitt (Chitsulo Choyera): Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena lead. Kugwirizana bwino kwambiri (kuthekera kosintha kuti chikhale chosagwirizana) komanso chokhazikika . Kugwirizana bwino kwambiri kuti shaft isawonongeke. Mphamvu yochepa, kotero nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ku chipolopolo chachitsulo cholimba.

Bronze: Chopangidwa ndi mkuwa. Mphamvu yabwino, kukana kutopa, komanso kutentha. Sichigwirizana ndi Babbitt. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chophimba cha lead-tin kuti chikhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino pamwamba.

Aluminiyamu: Kukana dzimbiri bwino komanso kutopa kwambiri. Mtengo wake ndi wochepa.

Zipangizo Zosiyanasiyana: Maberiya amakono ndi nyumba zovuta kuziyika (monga, kumbuyo kwachitsulo kuti zikhale zolimba, wosanjikiza wamkuwa kuti zigwire ntchito, ndi chophimba cha Babbitt kuti chigwire ntchito pamwamba).

Tabulo Lachidule: Zofunikira za Tribological

4. Kugawa Katundu ndi Mawonekedwe Onyamula

Ma fani ang'onoang'ono amapambana pakugawira katundu pamtunda wawo. Mapangidwe a ma bere awa amalola kugawa ngakhale kuthamanga, komwe kuli kofunikira kuti pakhale bata komanso kuchepetsa kuvala. Pamwamba, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu monga bronze, bimetal composites, kapena ma polima opangidwa ndi injiniya, amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuchita izi. Zidazi zimapereka zinthu zapadera zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndikuchepetsa kukangana.

Mwachitsanzo, zitsamba zamkuwa, kaya ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi sintered bronze kapena bronze, zimapereka katundu wabwino kwambiri wogawa katundu. Mapangidwe awo a porous amalola kuti mafuta asungidwe, kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Ma bimetal bushings, okhala ndi chitsulo chothandizira ndi zipangizo zochepetsera zofewa, zimapereka mphamvu zophatikizira ndi kugunda kochepa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ntchito zolemetsa kwambiri.

Kukangana ndi Kuvala Makhalidwe

Kumvetsetsa kukangana ndi kutha kwa zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu zizigwira bwino ntchito. Kutha kwa zinthu m'mabearing osavuta kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kukhwima kwa pamwamba, mawonekedwe a zinthu, ndi momwe zimakhalira mafuta. Kutha kwa zinthu, kumbali ina, ndiko kuchotsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kusintha kwa zinthuzo kuchokera pamalo obearing.

Zida zosiyanasiyana zonyamula zimawonetsa kukangana kwapadera komanso mawonekedwe ovala. Mwachitsanzo, ma kompositi opangidwa ndi bronze nthawi zambiri amapereka bwino pakati pa kukana kuvala ndi kugunda pang'ono. Zomera zapadera za alloy, zopangidwira mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, zitha kuphatikiza zida zomwe zimapereka kukana kwapadera pakutentha kwambiri kapena malo owononga.

Zopangidwa ndi ma polima opangidwa ndi makina, monga opangidwa kuchokera ku nayiloni kapena mapulasitiki ena ochita bwino kwambiri, amatha kupereka ma coefficients otsika kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala bwino, makamaka pamagwiritsidwe omwe zitsulo zachikhalidwe zimatha kuvutikira.

5. Kusankha Zinthu ndi Kukhathamiritsa

Kusankha zinthu zoyenera kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino ndi njira yosasinthika yomwe imaganizira zinthu zingapo. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito, katundu, kuthamanga, ndi kupezeka kwa mafuta onse amatenga gawo lofunikira pakusankha zinthu. Mapangidwe apamwamba owoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zophatikizika kapena zomanga kuti ziwongolere bwino ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, matabwa a bimetal amaphatikiza mphamvu ya chitsulo chothandizira ndi tribological katundu wazitsulo zofewa. Kupanga uku kumathandizira kunyamula katundu wambiri ndikusunga mikangano yabwino kwambiri komanso kuvala. Zida zomangirazo zitha kupangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ntchito zinazake - zomangira zokhala ndi lead pazochitika zachikhalidwe zolemedwa kwambiri, kapena njira zina zopanda lead pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Zomera za polima zimayimira gawo lina lazinthu zatsopano. Mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri monga PTFE, POM, ndi ma nayiloni ochita bwino kwambiri amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mikangano yotsika, kukana mankhwala, ndi zodzikongoletsera zokha. Zidazi ndizofunika kwambiri pakagwiritsidwe ntchito komwe kudzoza kodzola sikungatheke kapena komwe kuchepetsa thupi ndikofunikira.

Surface Engineering ndi Coatings

Injiniya yapamwamba yakhala chida champhamvu pakupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Posintha mawonekedwe amtundu wa ma bearings, mainjiniya amatha kusintha kwambiri kukana kuvala, kuchepetsa mikangano, ndikuwonjezera moyo wogwira ntchito.

Njira monga nitriding, carburizing, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zafilimu zopyapyala zimatha kusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe azitsulo zazitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, zokutira zolimba za chrome pazitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zimatha kupereka kukana kwapadera komanso chitetezo cha dzimbiri.

M'malo a ma polima, chithandizo chapamwamba chimatha kukulitsa kulumikizana ndi zida zochiritsira kapena kukulitsa mphamvu yonyamula katundu. Ma fani ena apamwamba a polima amaphatikiza mafuta olimba kapena ma nanoparticles m'magawo awo apamwamba, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zama tribological.

Computational Modelling and Simulation

Kubwera kwa zida zamphamvu zowerengera kwasintha kapangidwe ka zinthu zosalala . Kusanthula kwa zinthu zomaliza (FEA) ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zowerengera (CFD) zimathandiza mainjiniya kutsanzira machitidwe ovuta owerengera zinthu pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.

Zoyezerazi zimatha kulosera zinthu monga kugawa kwamakanikizidwe, makulidwe a kanema, ndi mawotchi otentha mkati mwa mayendedwe. Pakuwunika magawo awa, opanga amatha kukhathamiritsa ma geometry, kusankha zinthu, ndi njira zothira mafuta asanayambe kujambula.

Njira zotsogola zotsogola zimathandizanso kuphunzira za zotsatira za m'mphepete, kukhudzidwa molakwika, ndi machitidwe osakhalitsa omwe ndi ovuta kuwawona poyesa thupi. Kuthekera kumeneku kumakhala kofunikira makamaka popanga ma bearings a ntchito zovuta kwambiri kapena kukankhira malire amalire achikhalidwe.

Mwachitsanzo, popanga ma alloy bushings apadera amalo owopsa, kutengera ma computational kumatha kuthandizira kulosera zakuthupi zomwe zingakhale zovuta kapena zodula kubwereza pakuyesa kwakuthupi. Njira iyi imafulumizitsa chitukuko cha njira zatsopano zopangira matekinoloje omwe akubwera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zovuta.

Kutsiliza

Ma bearings owoneka bwino, omwe amawoneka osavuta, kwenikweni ndi kusakanikirana kovutirapo kwa malingaliro a tribological. Munda waukadaulo wonyamula katundu umasintha nthawi zonse, kuchokera pamalingaliro oyambira ogawa katundu ndi mafuta kupita kumalingaliro apamwamba kwambiri mu sayansi yakuthupi ndi makina apakompyuta. Pophunzira ndikuwongolera mfundo zazikuluzikulu za tribological izi, mainjiniya amatha kupanga ma bearings omwe amagwira ntchito bwino, okhalitsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pamene mafakitale akukankhira malire a momwe makina angagwiritsire ntchito bwino, ma bere opangidwa bwino opangidwa bwino amakhala ofunikira kwambiri powonetsetsa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino komanso modalirika.

FAQ

Kodi mitundu yayikulu ya EPEN Sliding bearings ndi iti?

Mitundu yayikulu imaphatikizapo tchire lamkuwa (mafuta opangidwa ndi sintered bronze, bronze), bimetal bushings (zokhala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zomangira zosiyanasiyana), ma polima bushings (PTFE, POM, nayiloni), ndi ma alloy bushings apadera pazovuta kwambiri.

Kodi ma bearings (ma sliding bearings) amachepetsa bwanji kukangana?

Ma mayendedwe osasunthika amachepetsa kukangana kudzera m'makina opaka mafuta monga hydrodynamic ndi mafuta am'malire, komanso zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kutsetsereka kocheperako.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha mtundu wamba?

Zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizofunika kunyamula, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, kupezeka kwamafuta, ndi zofunikira zinazake za pulogalamu.

Sankhani Chovala Choyenera Chomwechi (Sliding Bearing) pa Ntchito Yanu | Za EPEN

Malingaliro a kampani Jiashan Epen Bearing Co.Ltd. ndi katswiri wopanga ma bearing a plain ndi ma plates ovala, ndipo wakula mwachangu mpaka pano mitundu yonse ya ma bearings osavuta kuperekedwa. Kukula kwamakatalogu kokhazikika, makulidwe apadera ndi mapangidwe amatha kupangidwa pamitengo yopikisana komanso pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Malingaliro a kampani Jiashan Epen Bearing Co.Ltd. Imatumikira misika yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi. Kampani ya Jiashan Epen Bearing ikufuna kukhala patsogolo pamsikawu.

EPEN a zinthu zazikulu alipo ndi zitsulo pulasitiki gulu mndandanda kutsetsereka mayendedwe, mayendedwe bimetal mndandanda, single zitsulo mndandanda kutsetsereka mayendedwe, etc.

Zogulitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo opitilira 30 monga mafakitale amagalimoto, zitsulo, makina opangira uinjiniya, makina omanga, makina apulasitiki, makampani opanga zida zamakina, kusunga madzi ndi mphamvu yamadzi.

Lumikizanani nafe pa epen@cnepen.cn kuti mukambirane za zosowa zanu za makina opangidwa ndi makina ndikupeza momwe mayankho athu angathandizire magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautali wa makina anu.

Zothandizira

Johnson, KL (1985). Lumikizanani ndi Mechanics. Cambridge University Press.

Stachowiak, GW ndi Batchelor, AW (2013). Engineering Tribology. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Khonsari, MM ndi Booser, ER (2008). Applied Tribology: Kutengera Mapangidwe ndi Mafuta. John Wiley & Ana.

Bowden, FP ndi Tabor, D. (2001). Kukangana ndi Kupaka mafuta kwa Solids. Oxford University Press.

Neale, MJ (1995). The Tribology Handbook. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Harnoy, A. (2002). Kunyamula Mapangidwe mu Makina: Engineering Tribology ndi Lubrication. CRC Press.